Glossary of IT Terms

S-band:
The area of the electromagnetic spectrum in the 2GHz to 4GHz frequency range is designated for satellite transmission. S-band is used by a number of MSS providers to operate a portion of their satellite networks. See also the Ka, Ku, and L bands.

S-HTTP (Secure Hypertext Transport Protocol):
This Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) extension, also referred to as HTTPS, offers security services for transaction secrecy, authenticity, and integrity between HTTP servers and clients. S-HTTP is a competitive substitute for the more popular Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) standard for Internet browsers. S-HTTP cannot be used to secure Internet apps that are not browser-based because it was created for usage in browser applications.

SAC (Subscriber Acquisition Cost):
The cost of net subscriber addition to the operator usually includes handset subsidies and sales and marketing expenses.

SAE (System Architecture Evolution):
Framework for the transition of the core network to LTE according to 3GPP. The SAE offers a lower-latency, packet-optimized system that supports a variety of wireless and wired technologies, including UTRAN, Wi-Fi, and WiMAX.

Sales Analytics:
Sales management may better understand where salespeople can improve by using sales analytics to detect, model, comprehend, and predict sales trends and results. The functionality that sales analytic systems offer specifically supports discovery, diagnostic, and predictive exercises that allow the manipulation of parameters, measures, dimensions, or numbers as part of an analytical or planning activity.

Sensors:
RFID tags are unable to provide any environmental information. They can only divulge information that is stored in the tag’s memory. However, one typical use of RFID is to affix the label to a sensor that can store data on the title in its memory. Following that, this is transmitted to other systems using RFID protocols. Although RFID and sensory technologies are connected,

Sales and Operations Execution (S&OE):
The S&OE process is a weekly cycle multistep process that includes at least four parallel financial-alignment process-running subprocesses or phases. A merchandising review, a demand evaluation, an inventory plan, gap reconciliation, and an executive S&OE meeting are some of these subprocesses.

Sales And Operations Planning Systems Of Differentiation:
A software solution that supports a Stage 4 or higher-maturity S&OP process is known as a system of differentiation (SOD). It may achieve this with the assistance of a fundamental SCP system of record and in conjunction with other supply chain planning (SCP) SODs (such as supply chain modeling, multi-enterprise inventory optimization, and demand sensing) (SOR). For S&OP, Gartner identifies five phases of development. Various solutions, such as ERP solutions, SCP solutions, Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, and business intelligence (BI) reports, are commonly used to assist stages 1 through 3. Typically, SOD solutions that emphasize the traits of more sophisticated S&OP procedures are used to support Stages 4 and 5.

Sales Configuration Systems:
These systems are used to set up non-product information and specialized finance plans in addition to setting up ship-to-order, assemble-to-order, and engineer-to-order items.

Sales Enablement:
Knowledge-based sales interactions with clients and prospects are supported and promoted by the activities, systems, processes, and information that go along with them.

Sales To End Users:
New, branded items that were completed and sold or leased for the first time to end users during the relevant year. Products that are sold into a nation or region by manufacturers but are not connected to local networks are not included. In contrast, goods that a producer sells to a distributor in one territory but that distributor then sells to end users in another region are accounted for as sales (“sell through”) in the latter region.

Sales-focused Partner Relationship Management (PRM):
Applications for partner relationship management (PRM) that are sales-focused are made to help businesses better market to, sell to, and serve their end consumers through channel partners. Many of the standard components found in a direct sales solution (opportunity management) are included in this category, but the solutions are set up to accommodate a partner-driven environment. Typically used to manage channel partners, distributors, alliances, or strategic partnerships, these applications consolidate data and transactions, set business rules, and track activity. They frequently include a portal to facilitate bidirectional information flow and communications between partners.

SAM (Software Asset Management):
A method for selecting software and for getting rid of it. It covers methods for locating and getting rid of outdated or rarely used software, grouping software licenses, or switching to new licensing models.

SAM Tools (Systems Administration Management Tools):
A versatile collection of tools and utilities for managing and maintaining applications. The main benefit of these technologies comes from how well they handle changes. An administrator can explain a database or form field change with the use of a well-designed tool, which also guarantees the integrity of all the application components linked to the change and propagates the change to all users who will be impacted. System administrators use SAM tools for central administration and can thus demonstrate a certain level of technical competency, but administrative functionality for managers (such as sales managers, marketing content managers, and call center supervisors) must be constrained by end-user capabilities.

SAN (Storage Area Network):
A SAN is divided into two tiers: The first layer, known as the storage plumbing tier, facilitates communication among network nodes and carries orders and statuses specific to individual devices. This network must have at least one storage node linked to it. In the second tier, known as the “software tier,” value-added services are offered over the first tier by using the software.

SAP Application Services, Worldwide:
The whole life cycle of SAP application services, including project-based implementation and long-term application administration services, are the market’s primary focus (AMS). Assess service providers’ capacity to offer clients all around the world a full range of implementation and management services for the SAP array of products. According to this definition, comprehensive

• A unique offering that complies with standard service offerings found in the market, as shown by the following criteria: service scope, delivery structure, intellectual property (IP), roles and responsibilities, service metrics and levels, terms and conditions, and pricing model.
• A collection of unique offerings that are combined to fulfill industry-specific or cross-industry demand and are acknowledged as an integrated offering by customers or analysts.

SAP Selective Test Data Management Tools:
Leaders of SAP applications and SAP Basis operations should consider specialized software tools for automating the routine refresh of their SAP ERP test data in order to lower infrastructure costs and manual workloads in contemporary ERP projects. SAP selective test data management technologies copy SAP test data selectively, although they take different approaches to data selection, scrubbing, and performance enhancement. The users of these tools fall into two categories: (1) Basis operations teams, which need repeated data copy operations to be as automated as feasible, and (2) SAP application data objects, which are used for ad hoc data copying. Additionally, some of the technologies allow Basis operations teams to create “shell systems,” which are exact replicas of a production system’s entirety but devoid of transaction data. This is excellent for testing reasons. 

SAP SuccessFactors Service Providers:
Human capital management (HCM) cloud applications, such as core HR, talent management, and workforce analytics, are offered by SAP SuccessFactors. Third-party service providers that specialize in the adoption and support of SAP SuccessFactors applications offer SAP SuccessFactors services, which are life cycle services. Consulting, implementation, and management are among the services offered in this market. HR leaders, IT managers, and sourcing managers purchase SAP SuccessFactors services to standardize, harmonize, and update talent or HR management systems globally or as the impetus for changing the HR operating model. These customers seek service providers who can quickly and agilely build a cloud-based solution and support it after implementation.

Satellite Broadcasting Operator:
A company whose primary activity is the transmission of TV channels to viewers through satellite equipment.

Satellite Communications:
Relaying communications from one earth station to another or to several earth stations using geostationary orbiting satellites.

Satellite Communications Operator:
A company that uses a satellite network to offer telecom services.

Satellite Computer:
A programmable device that frees a primary processor from laborious tasks like editing, compiling, and managing input/output devices.

Satellite Dish:
Satellite signals are transmitted and received using a parabolic microwave antenna. On the downlink, the dish gathers data or video signals from orbiting satellites and concentrates them such that a feed horn may collect and transfer the signal to a satellite receiver, or IRD, where it will be amplified. The word refers to the complete antenna subsystem, including the feed horn and antenna construction, and is derived from the form of the reflector surface.

Satellite Navigation Solutions:
The Global Positioning System (GPS) and other national and international satellite programs (including Glonass and Galileo) constitute the foundation for satellite navigation systems, which are used in both consumer and commercial markets. The use of a cellular tower or Wi-Fi-enabled triangulation can be added to satellite navigation systems, which are integrated into vehicles, portable units (personal navigation devices, or PNDs), or applications available on mobile phones (assisted GPS). The Global Positioning System (GPS) and other national and international satellite programs (including Glonass and Galileo) constitute the foundation for satellite navigation systems, which are used in both consumer and commercial markets. The use of a cellular tower or Wi-Fi-enabled triangulation can be added to satellite navigation systems, which are integrated into vehicles, portable units (personal navigation devices, or PNDs), or applications available on mobile phones (assisted GPS).

Satellite Navigation Systems:
The Global Positioning System (GPS) and other national and international satellite programs (including Glonass and Galileo) constitute the foundation for satellite navigation systems, which are used in both consumer and commercial markets. A cellular tower or Wi-Fi-enabled triangulation system may be added to satellite navigation systems, which are integrated into vehicles, portable units (personal navigation devices, or PNDs), or applications available on mobile phones (assisted GPS).

Satellite Phone (satphone):
The utilization of satellite infrastructure by a handheld device to provide wireless voice and SMS communications eliminates the need for terrestrial infrastructure. Satphones use satellites that can be orbiting or stationary and can be handheld, fixed, or portable. The user needs to be in the service provider’s coverage region and have a line of sight to a satellite. Two-way talk, low-speed data, SMS, and fax are common services.

SAX (Simple API for XML):
An open-source replacement for Document Object Model (DOM) that stipulates an event-oriented interface for Java programs.

SBM (Skills-based Management):
A program that identifies the skills that an organization currently has, the skills it will require in the future, the time frame in which it will require those skills, the strategic value the organization will place on those skills, and the degree to which the competencies of the information technology (IT) staff align with the value of the strategically important skills. It serves as a general guide for creating competency improvement programs and other strategies to close any skill gaps.

SC-FDMA (Single-carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access):
An OFDMA-like multiplexing approach minimizes the processing and battery needs of mobile devices by requiring that the subcarriers assigned to each user be contiguous. also, see OFDMA

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition):
A system used in manufacturing to provide regulatory or machine control over a process area or work cell, as well as to collect measurements of process variables and machine statuses.

Scalability:
The capacity of a system to adapt its performance and cost to changes in application and system processing demands is known as scalability. Examples include a physical system’s ability to handle more users, a database’s ability to handle more queries, or an operating system’s ability to function on various types of hardware. When assessing hardware and software, businesses that are expanding quickly should pay special attention to scalability. 

Scanner:
A device that uses raster scanning and quantization to convert a two-dimensional item, such as a business document, into a stream of bits.

Scattering:
A factor in the optical fiber transmission of light wave signal loss. Diffusion of a light beam brought on by minute fluctuations in the transmission medium’s material density.

SCCM (Software Change and Configuration Management):
Software change and configuration management (SCCM — mainframe and distributed) tools put into practice a set of practices used to control, track, and stabilize the versions and configurations of a collection of software items. These practices may also include development change management, defect tracking, change automation, development release management, integrated test management, integrated build management, and other related processes.

SCIV (Supply Chain Inventory Visibility):
Applications that help businesses track and manage events along the supply chain so they may better plan their activities and anticipate issues. SCIV systems give businesses the ability to submit plans and get notifications when events don’t go as planned, as well as track and trace inventory globally down to the line-item level. Real-time visibility into orders and shipments provides businesses with accurate forecasts of when their products will arrive. Develop competence and align strategy to speed up digital supply chains.

SCM (Software Configuration Management):
Additionally referred to as “software change management,” Version control, security administration of software assets, software promotion, quality reviews, and software distribution are all part of the software lifecycle management (SCM) methodology.

Scope, Track, Rank, Evaluate, Evangelize, and Transfer (STREET):
Best practices for technology planning and adoption are represented by the acronym STREET, which stands for scope, track, rank, evaluate, evangelize, and transfer. STREET is excellent for company executives, innovators, or other people involved in the adoption of innovation to utilize as a checklist of essential tasks or for a developing technology group to use or adapt in creating its own internal process.

SCPC (Single Channel Per Carrier):
A form of transmission where a physical channel is dedicated for the duration of the transmission to just one carrier.

SCR (Sustainable Cell Rate):
A transmission setup where a physical channel is completely dedicated to one carrier for the duration of the broadcast.

Scrambler:
A coding technique used on a digital channel to generate what appears to be a random bit sequence. The channel is decoded using a matching device, proving that the coding is reversible.

Screen Popping:
Displaying real-time client data on a call center agent’s screen.

Screen Sharing:
Similar to application sharing, but with limited simultaneous document updates.

Screening:
The use of a barrier to stop electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields from leaving or entering a closed space. Also known as shielding.

Scriptless Testing:
With the use of scriptless testing tools, the amount of scripting required to create tests using a model-, object-, data-, or keyword-driven approaches can be reduced or even completely eliminated. The objective is to lower maintenance costs and enable corporate user testing. Although performance-testing products are more common, functional automation-focused products still predominate.

SDH/SONET:
By region, SDH/SONET technology varies. The only market for SONET is North America. Outside of North America, SDH is offered in two varieties: SDH (Japan), which is only available in Japan, and SDH (ETSI), which is available everywhere else. Ring and mesh topologies are supported by SDH/SONET, and various protection programs are required to protect circuits using automatic protection switching (APS).

Standardized bit rates are available for SDH/SONET; SDH circuits are known as STM-x connections (where x = 1, 4, 16, 64, and 256), and SONET circuits are known as OC-n connections (where n = 3, 12, 48, 192, or 768) connections. The standard bit rates are as follows:

• STM-1/OC-3 (155 Mbps).
• STM-4/OC-12 (622 Mbps).
• STM-16/OC-48 (2.5 Gbps).
• STM-64/OC-192 (10 Gbps).
• STM-256/OC-768 (40 Gbps).

The SDH/SONET standards were designed from the start as a strict hierarchy optimized for circuit-based speech traffic. The SDH/SONET standards have been updated to enable more flexible traffic handling, particularly with regard to data services in general and Ethernet services in particular, as the need to support data services has become more apparent. The Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) and LCAS, as well as support for greater control plane capability as specified in the standards for Automatic Switched Transport Networks (ASTN)/Automatic Switched Optical Networks, have all been added to the standards (ASON).

In order to offer add/drop functionality, suppliers have also incorporated cross-connect functionality to SDH/SONET equipment. Additionally, in the optical transport business, convergence between SDH/SONET and WDM solutions has become standard.

SDK (Software Development Kit):
A collection of software development tools for creating programs, typically linked to particular environments (e.g., the Windows SDK).

SDMA (Spatial Division Multiple Access):
Advanced multiple antenna technology that extends the bandwidth, range, and spectral efficiency of wireless devices that are in motion. Because they are unaware of the location of the mobile device, conventional cellular base stations broadcast power in all directions. This wastes power, interferes with nearby cells and makes it more difficult to separate weaker incoming signals from the noise and interference. The radiation pattern of the base station can be changed to maximize both transmission and reception for each user device by employing smart antenna technology to track the spatial location of mobile devices. A beam or a spot of RF power can be successfully directed to or away from each user by the base station by quickly altering the phase of signals from several antennas. One antenna is all that is needed at the client device, as opposed to MIMO, potentially saving money on customer-premises equipment (CPE). The proprietary wireless broadband systems that utilize SDMA techniques are viable candidates for mobile WiMAX and LTE. Also, see smart antenna.

SDSL (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line):
A digital subscriber line (DSL) technology that transmits data at a rate of 1.5 megabits per second in one direction or 768 kilobits per second in both directions over an 8,000-foot distance using voice-grade telephone lines.

Search Engine:
A sizable, searchable database of Web pages kept on a centralized server with Internet access and regularly updated by web crawlers or spiders. AltaVista and Yahoo are two examples.

Search-based Data Discovery Tools:
Utilizing search terms, users of search-based data discovery tools can create and improve views and analyses of both structured and unstructured data. They share three characteristics with visualization-based data discovery tools: (1) a proprietary data structure to store and model data gathered from various sources, which reduces reliance on predefined business intelligence (BI) metadata; (2) an integrated performance layer using RAM or indexing, which reduces the need for aggregates, summaries, and pre-calculations; and (3) an intuitive interface, which enables users to explore data without much training. But they also differ at the user interface level, with search-based data discovery tools leveraging text search input and results to direct users to the information they 

Secondary Channel:
A four-wire circuit that has a low-speed channel established for the transmission of control or diagnostic information. On the circuit’s major, high-speed channels, user data is transmitted.

Secondary Station:
A terminal device that has been chosen to function under the direction of another terminal device on a communications line.

Secondhand Market:
Mobile devices that have been owned or used before being sold or given away to other users, who often get a fresh network connection. Before being sold in foreign nations or given to new owners in their original state, used devices are occasionally routinely repaired. Although the secondhand market is generally tiny, it plays a key role in price-sensitive developing economies like China, where marginal users seek out the most affordable, entry-level gadget.

Secret Key:
The secret-key cryptography’s symmetric key. Although shared between parties who are in communication, it is not completely private. also public-key, private-key, and secret-key cryptography.

Secret-key Cryptography:
The sole key required to encrypt and decrypt communications in this cryptography technique (also known as symmetric-key cryptography) is a shared secret between the communicating parties. The main drawback of this approach is that the secret key must be transmitted via a device external to the communication channel that carries the encrypted text. Furthermore, digital signatures are not supported by secret-key systems. Public-key cryptography addresses these drawbacks (see separate entry).

Secure Web Gateway:
Secure Web gateway solutions guard against infection and uphold corporate standards on browsing PCs. In order to enforce corporate and regulatory policy compliance, a secure Web gateway filters undesired software/malware from user-initiated Web/Internet traffic. At the very least, these gateways must have URL filtering, malicious-code identification and filtering, and application controls for well-known Web-based programs like Skype and instant messaging (IM). Data leak prevention is also increasingly being included natively or seamlessly.

Security:
An organization’s use of people, policies, procedures and technologies to secure its physical and digital assets is known as security. Business executives define the levels of security that are optimal, balancing the number of resources needed with usability, manageability, and risk mitigation.

Security Awareness Computer-based Training:
The demand for security education and training that is end-user-focused is expanding quickly. The market for these products is being driven by security and risk management. Leaders need to influence people’s security behaviors, including those of employees, citizens, and consumers. An extensive security education and behavior management program’s core element is interactive computer-based training (CBT). Through computing devices like laptops, tablets, cellphones, and Internet of Things (IoT) gadgets, CBT offers a learning experience. There are ready-to-use, interactive software modules available from vendors for CBT on security awareness. Client-managed learning management systems (LMSs) and the vendors’ support for the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) standard make these modules accessible as web-based services or on-premise deployments.

Security Governance:
A method called security governance is used to manage the cybersecurity teams in charge of reducing business risks. Leaders in security governance make the choices that enable risks to be given a higher priority, allowing security efforts to be concentrated on business needs rather than their own. They also control the interactions between resolving internal and external threats, managing compliance, and minimizing recognized business risks.

Security Indicators:
Security indicators are metrics-based values that describe how an activity, process, or control behaves over a given period of time. They are derived by comparing logically linked features. These critical indicators are developed from predetermined criteria and may be indicative of an organization’s general security posture. Security guidelines, as outlined in policies and standards, serve as a reference for the indicators.

Security Information And Event Management:
The security and information event management (SIEM) market is defined by Gartner based on the customer’s need to collect, store, investigate, and report on log data for incident response, forensics, and regulatory compliance, as well as to analyze event data in real-time for the early detection of targeted attacks and data breaches. Event data generated by security tools, network infrastructure, systems, and applications are compiled by SIEM technology. Although network telemetry and log data are the main data sources, SIEM systems may also process other types of data. Contextual data on users, assets, threats, and vulnerabilities are coupled with event data. In order to examine events, data, and contextual information from various sources for particular reasons, such as network security event monitoring, user activity monitoring, and compliance reporting, the data may be normalized. The system offers long-range analytics for historical study as well as real-time event analysis for security monitoring.

Security Information and Event Management (SIEM):
The data can be normalized to enable the analysis of events, data, and contextual information from various sources for particular objectives such as network security event monitoring, user activity monitoring, and compliance reporting. The technology offers query, long-range analytics, and real-time event analysis for security monitoring and historical analysis.

Security Information And Event Management Software:
Security information and event management (SIEM) technology enable threat detection, compliance, and security incident management by gathering and analyzing security events, as well as a wide range of other event and contextual data sources, in both near real-time and the past. A wide range of log event collecting and administration, the capacity to analyze log events and other data from a variety of sources, and operational capabilities make up the basic competencies (such as incident management, dashboards, and reporting).

Security Metrics:
Through the gathering, analysis, and reporting of pertinent data, security metrics are quantitative benchmarks used to comprehend the status of systems and services. Security objectives serve as the foundation for security metrics, which are used to guide decisions on how to increase the security of all parts engaged in providing services and processing data.

Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR):
Technologies that allow businesses to gather inputs watched over by the security operations team are referred to as SOAR. For instance, notifications from the SIEM system and other security technologies can assist define, prioritize, and drive standardized incident response operations. These technologies enable incident analysis and triage to be carried out by combining human and machine power. An organization can define incident analysis and response processes using SOAR technologies and digital workflows.

Sean:
All manufacturing processes are numbered according to Japanese management practice.

Selective Sourcing:
According to Gartner, selective sourcing occurs when an internal IT organization decouples or divides the scope of business or IT activities with the intention of separately or specifically sourcing each component. Finding the greatest risk-reward ratio for each unique scope of work is the primary business motivation. Most frequently, this is done to encourage intense competition in an effort to produce the best performance at the most affordable price. The internal IT organization is responsible for overall program management, risk management, and overall legal compliance for the complete spectrum of services across all separate components.

Selector:
The final octet of an address in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM).

Self-describing Messages:
Communication that includes data and the metadata that explains its structure and intent (i.e., its syntax and semantics). Extensible Markup Language (XML), for instance, is a self-descriptive message format made up of tag/value pairs.

Self-relocating Program:
A set of instructions with the ability to assign memory blocks as needed.

Self-service Analytics:
Self-Service Analytics is a type of business intelligence (BI) where line-of-business workers are empowered and encouraged to run their own queries and produce their own reports with just minimal IT support. Self-service analytics is frequently defined by basic analytic capabilities in easy-to-use BI tools, as well as an underlying data model that has been reduced or downsized for clear understanding and simple data access.

Self-service Business Intelligence:
End users building and implementing their own reports and analyses within a portfolio of approved and supported tools constitutes self-service business intelligence in this context.

Self-test And Fault Isolation:
Most systems have a processor-check feature that enables the controlling computer to test both the system as a whole and itself. If a problem is discovered, an alert light will illuminate, and if one is available, a message will be sent via the system printer teletype. Additionally, because the computer can quickly identify malfunctioning equipment, this feature speeds up service.

Sell-Side:
Catalogs, transaction processors, payment processors, and supply chain management techniques and technologies are just a few of the processes used by businesses to sell their goods.

Semantic Data Model:
A system of data organization that takes into account the links between the data elements and their fundamental meaning. Because of this design, it is simpler to create application programs and keep updated data consistent.

Semantic Nets:
A kind of knowledge representation that makes use of connections and nodes to express events or items (representing relationships between those objects or events).

Semi-mobile Wireless:
Includes client device compatibility for walking-speed roaming between base station coverage zones. The client’s mobile device must, at the very least, be transportable to secondary fixed locations without connectivity while in motion. This category includes the terms “nomadic” and “portable,” which are used by the WiMAX Forum. When employed by vendors, the terms “nomadic,” “portable,” and “mobile” frequently have different meanings. Mobile and stationary wireless are also covered.

Semiconductor:
Semiconductor is a solid material that, either as a result of the presence of impurity or as a result of temperature changes, exhibits conductivity that lies between that of an insulator and that of most metals. Most electronic circuits require semiconductor devices, particularly silicon, as key elements.

Senpai:
In lean enterprises, the term “mentor” is used to designate a skilled lean practitioner who takes on a kohai.

Sensei (also Lean Sensei):
A renowned lean methodologies instructor. Comparable in experience to a Black Belt or Master Black Belt in the Six Sigma approach, but with a stronger emphasis on teaching and facilitation than on actual practice.

Sensor and RFID-based Inventory and Asset Management Business Process Application Software:
The primary means through which RFID starts to be justified will be through innovative business structures and procedures. However, there aren’t many programs available to businesses today to manage these operations. For instance, real-time inventory management in a retail setting is practically unheard of right now. Therefore businesses will require completely new programs to handle it. The vendors offering various solutions are dispersed, and it is likely that a different market will develop for each offering.

Sensor and RFID-based Inventory and Asset Management Infrastructure Software:
In order to manage RFID hardware and data, businesses need software and development methodologies. Installing middleware that functions as an integration broker between RFID scanners and business applications that need to receive the data is now the most common method.

Serial Dot Matrix:
A character image is produced by an output device by mechanically pressing individual dots into the substrate in a certain pattern. They consist of the following:

• 9-pin — Devices with 9-wire print heads
• 18-pin — Devices with 18-wire print heads
• 24-pin — Devices with 24-wire print heads

 Serial Inkjet:
An output device that uses a variety of orifices or nozzles to emit ink to create the desired image. The array of nozzles moves around the page while printing serially or one character at a time. The following device types fall under this category:

• Piezoelectric inkjet print heads: These print heads compress the ink and force it out of the nozzle by electrically activating a specific crystalline or ceramic component.
• Thermal inkjet: Vapor bubbles are produced by heat and expelled onto a surface in the form of droplets that can be utilized to create text or graphics. The benefits of thermal inkjet include its very reliable system and compact, tightly regulated droplets. Numerous serial and line inkjets employ thermal inkjet print heads. Thermal inkjet printing, which was initially created for desktop printers, has expanded to specialized uses such as package coding, wide-format printing, and direct-mail addressing.

Serial Interface:
A connection that sends data bits at a time rather than entire characters at once. More affordable and slower than a parallel interface.

Serial Transmission:
A technique that sends a character’s bits one by one on a single transmission channel. Contemplate parallel transmission.

Server Appliance:
A particular class of computing equipment that generates modifies, or delivers data to other network-connected computing devices. For the generation, manipulation, or provision of information, server appliances use an application context as opposed to storage appliances.

Server Virtualization Infrastructure:
The hypervisor, virtual machines, and virtual machine monitors make up the server virtualization infrastructure (VMMs). The hypervisor is essential for “virtualizing” a server. A hypervisor is a layer of software that runs directly on hardware and enables the definition of fixed partitions with predefined priorities for accessing hardware resources. Depending on the implementation, the term “software” can refer to preloaded software that runs in a protected area or microcode/firmware. Because they prioritize hardware resources but do not share them equally, these divisions are incomplete virtual machines. A VMM is typically used to create a hypervisor in order to provide flexible configuration. The VMM virtualizes all of the hardware required to operate VMs. Currently, the majority of items are marketed as hypervisors. 

Server Virtualization Management:
Server virtualization management tools include operations management and administration management tools, as well as management tools included in the hypervisor purchase. There are two categories of delivery vehicles that use server virtualization management technology. The first is integrated into the infrastructure itself, in this case as a component of the hypervisor package (this is sometimes referred to as “virtual infrastructure” by companies like VMware). Because infrastructure components give technology vendors a second source of income and a foundation for the competitive differentiation of their core technologies, Gartner is noticing more manageability incorporated into them. Aside from established companies with a virtualization-focused heritage, third-party independent software providers are another source for management technologies. On top of the management tools already included in their virtualization systems, hypervisor providers now offer extra management tools in areas like administrative consoles, capacity planning, and process and workflow automation.

Server-Based Computing (SBC):
Using specialized software agents or web browser technologies, server-based computing (SBC) allows Windows applications and/or desktops to be remotely executed on a shared server OS and delivered to various device types, including tablets. It is also referred to as presentation virtualization, terminal services, and remote desktop services.

Serverless Printing:
Peer-to-peer printing over the Internet Protocol is known as serverless printing. As a result, a dedicated print server that controls print queues and distributes printer drivers can be removed.

Service Bureau:
A business that charges a client to process different kinds of data. Call-costing reports and station message detail reporting (SMDR) are frequently given.

Service Catalog:
The parameters and functionalities of a service are defined by templates in a service catalog (such as bandwidth and speed). The service catalog describes product features in more technical language than the product catalog does.

Service Desk:
A service desk is a help desk that has the tools necessary to handle service requests and troubleshooting inquiries. Instead of being a “pass-through,” it enables the customer service agent or end user to quickly diagnose, resolve, and fix technical support issues.

Service Inventory:
Includes a central database with network and IT information for specific services. Each service is a collection of qualities and features, including pricing, quality, speed, and customizability. The database of service levels connects the service data to specific clients.

Service Levels:
The objectives of each individual business process in relation to the broader goals of the business unit.

Service Mesh:
Distributed middleware, particularly for microservices, known as a service mesh, optimizes communications between application services.

Service Provider Routers And Switches:
A type of network controller known as a router chooses the most efficient path for voice and data transmissions between a transmitter (also known as a sender) and a receiver. They are primarily operated by software, and it is possible to program them to offer the cheapest, fastest, or least congested routes. In the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)/International Organization for Standardization (ISO) paradigm, Layer 3 is where routers work. Only service provider routers are covered by this definition.

Service-centric Cloud Erp Solutions:
A service-centric ERP suite, according to Gartner, includes the following:

Project planning and resourcing, project management, and project accounting and billing are all included in the financials, human capital management, and indirect procurement (administrative ERP) PSA.

Apps or modules with a focus on a particular industry, such as those for grant management in public and higher education sectors.

For at least one service-centric industry, a service-centric ERP suite must offer financial management capability from administrative ERP, either PSA or industry-specific modules, or both. The provider may opportunistically offer more administrative ERP features (such as HCM and indirect procurement). 

Service-Level Agreement (SLA):
A service-level agreement (SLA), which outlines the products or services to be supplied, the single point of contact for end-user issues, and the metrics by which the process’ efficacy is reviewed and approved, establishes expectations between the service provider and the client.

Service-oriented Architecture (SOA):
IT can better satisfy business demands with the support of the design philosophy and discipline known as service-oriented architecture (SOA). Some businesses use SOA to great effect, resulting in quicker time to market, cheaper costs, improved application consistency, and higher agility. Redundancy is decreased, while usability, maintainability, and value are all increased via SOA. This results in modular, interoperable systems that are simpler to use and manage. Systems created with SOA are quicker and simpler, increasing agility and lowering the total cost of ownership (TCO).

Serving Area:

1. The area close to a broadcasting station where the signal intensity is equal to or greater than a specified minimum.
2. A telephone exchange’s service area, which is often similar to the local access and transport region (LATA) 

Servlet:
A type of server-based Java that works with a Web server and provides an alternative to communicating with Web server processes via the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) and server application programming interfaces (APIs). Furthermore, because servlets are supported by the majority of popular Web servers, they are not dependent on a specific kind of Web server.

Session Border Controllers:
The three main edges that need to be introduced by SBCs are security, service assurance, and law enforcement. SBCs connect IP networks (enterprise to service provider). By merging session signaling and media control, SBCs at the edge of the service provider’s network complement established routers by performing the necessary control operations. SBCs function as MGCP proxy/network-address translations (NATs), H.323 back-to-back gateways, or SIP back-to-back user agents. All media streams entering and departing the provider’s network have them as both the source and the destination.

Startup vendors have essentially controlled the SBC market, but other equipment suppliers have adopted two strategies: either they have partnered with the SBC suppliers, or they have integrated SBC capabilities into some of their already-existing solutions, such as routers. Gartner acknowledges that certain embedded systems include SBC functionality but only include stand-alone solutions in their tally. SBCs are included in routing and switching platforms by vendors like Cisco and Sonus Networks.

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP):
The Internet Engineering Task Force has standardized the communication protocol known as Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (IETF). No matter the media content, it is the first real-time communication protocol to support multiuser sessions. SIP supports a new generation of IP-based fixed and mobile networks, as well as Internet-based communication services. SIP allows for the initiation and management of communications, and its primary channels include audio, video, and instant messaging (IM).

Seven Wastes:
A set of seven activities that don’t provide value that was first described by Toyota: Overproducing means creating goods before a legitimate order has been received; unnecessary waiting increases cycle time, which decreases agility; unnecessary transportation involves moving materials between sites without a need to; overprocessing means using longer or more complex procedures than necessary; unnecessary inventory means a buildup of work-in-process or raw materials; unnecessary movement indicates an inefficient workplace, and unnecessary movement adds extra work. and too many flaws, which include subpar process quality and excessive rework. Asset underutilization or other underutilization of resources was included as an eighth waste by Gartner and others on this list. The abbreviation “DOWNTIME,” which stands for “Defects, Overproduction, Waiting, Nonutilized resources, Transportation, Inventory, Motion, and Excessive processing,” is frequently used to refer to the eight wastes.

SFA (Sales Force Automation):
The automation of the sales process through technology. The following technologies can be applied to sales automation:

• Laptop computers
• Personal digital assistants
• Contact databases
• Interactive selling systems

SFA (Sales Force Automation) — Direct Sales (Field Sales/Inside Sales):
The functionality for sales execution and sales operations is also included in direct sales software, which expands on the technology, functionality, and value of order management systems. The direct B2 B sales organization is a classic sales channel made up of internal sales staff that are dedicated to selling goods and services directly to a client, customer, and prospect bases while they are still working for the provider company. Direct sales resources might be outside salespeople who visit consumers in person or inside salespeople who make phone sales from a desk environment.

SFC (Shop Floor Control):
A set of computer programs and/or controllers that are used to dispatch, schedule, and monitor the progress of work orders through the manufacturing process using predetermined routes. SFCs are commonly used in inventory assessments and material planning to calculate work in process based on a percentage of completion for each order and operation.

SFDR (Software Failure Detection and Recovery):
In order to provide operating-system or application data recovery techniques, the concept of a transaction, including atomicity (either all changes take effect or none do), should be supported.

SFF-LR (Small-form-factor, Legacy-reduced):
It should be able to support the idea of a transaction, including atomicity (either all changes take effect or none do), to allow the implementation of operating-system or application data recovery procedures.

SFM (Store-and-Forward Manager):
A component that manages the coordination of multistep processes, asynchronous messaging for data consistency, and inter-application communication.

SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node):
The SGSN, which is a component of the GPRS infrastructure, offers switching capabilities, security, and authentication for GPRS users via the HLR. The GGSN, HLR, and PCU are the SGSN’s three main interfaces.

Shadow It:
IT hardware, software, and services that are not owned or controlled by IT organizations are referred to as “shadow IT.”

Shadow/mirror Databases:
A system-level feature that enables duplicating some databases to a different disk or disk set via shadowing or mirroring. The goal is to reduce the amount of space needed for backup data while yet ensuring that crucial operations may continue in the event that a disk containing associated databases is lost.

Shared Services Or Shared Services Center:
A dedicated unit (including people, procedures, and technologies) that is organized as a centralized point of service and is focused on certain business operations is referred to as a shared services center (SSC). Multiple business units within the firm are supported by IT and IT services for these roles. Shared services may involve various corporate operations and IT procedures and may originate from numerous separate physical locations. The enterprise is where an SSC’s definition, structure, and scope are established. Businesses occasionally hire outside consultants to advise on different aspects of the design, structure, location alternatives, and implementation options. Execution and long-term delivery may be handled by service providers, internal enterprise staff, or a combination of both. As a result, the sourcing strategy for delivery has no bearing on how shared services are defined.

Shielded Pair:
A cable that has a pair of conductors that are shielded from interference by a metallic foil wrap.

Shim:
An operating system or program that has had software changed to alter the typical data flow and provide new features. Third-party companies frequently use this technology to offer improved networking functionality.

Shipments:
The additional hardware needed to support an increase in traffic or coverage is included in Gartner’s figures for mobile network infrastructure. Installations for the current year

are subtracted from installations for the following year to determine shipments.

Shojinka:
Multiskilled workers and an optimized work center architecture are key components of continuous worker optimization in a work center.

Short Message Service (SMS):
The GSM standard’s short message service (SMS) feature allows mobile devices to send, receive, and display messages with up to 160 characters in the Roman text and a variety of non-Roman character sets. If the subscriber device is dormant, messages are retained in the network and relayed until it becomes active. In some fixed networks and CDMA networks, SMS is now more widely accessible.

Shrink-wrapped:

1. A label applied to packaged software programs (from the shrink-wrapped packaging typical of such products).
2. Originally used to refer to an unsigned software license agreement that is deemed accepted when the user removes the program medium, such as a CD or floppy disk, from its packaging and breaks the shrink-wrapped seal or opens the enclosed sealed envelope. The phrase is now used to describe software license agreements that are electronically accepted. Look up click-wrapped.

SI (System Integrator):
An organization that focuses on setting up, organizing, scheduling, coordinating, testing, improving, and occasionally sustaining a computing operation. SIs work to organize dispersed suppliers.

Sideband:
A frequency range where the frequencies created by the modulation process fall, either on the upper or lower side of the carrier frequency.

Signal-to-Noise Ratio:
The ratio between the strength of the transmitting signal and the noise that is there and attempting to tamper with that signal is a measure of the wireless signal’s quality.

Signaling Gateways/IP-STPs:
They are an NGN component that makes it possible to traverse a policy boundary or change protocols. Products implementing SIP, Session Initiation Protocol for Telephony (SIP-T), Parlay, Electronic Numbering (ENUM), and XML are among the NGN IP-STP products. SGs employ the SIGTRAN and SS7 protocols.

Signature:
Any mark or symbol recognized by both parties to indicate the purpose, endorsement, or ownership of a document. For instance, in e-business, the “from” line on an email, a mouse click to agree to the terms, an email closure, a biometric, and many sorts of electronic signatures are all accepted as signatures. Certain laws need a written signature to be recognized as valid. Electronic signatures now have the same legal standing as written signatures thanks to new laws.

Signature Verification:
A biometric method that verifies identity using the features of a person’s signature, such as pressure, pen lifts, speed, and direction of strokes. In document authentication systems that have historically employed written signatures, signatures are popular despite being less accurate than some other biometrics (such as fingerprints and iris). The popularity of pen-based devices (like the PalmPilot) that can also be used as a tablet for signature entry could contribute to some growth.

Silicon Anode Batteries:
The development of the widely used lithium-ion (Li-Ion) battery is the silicon anode battery. Lithium was employed as the anode material in Li-Ion batteries of earlier generations. After several publicly publicized instances of overheating and explosion, this was changed to carbon/graphite. The usage of silicon anodes with silicon nanotubes or a similar coating technique in next-generation Li-Ion batteries is likely. Longer battery life and much-increased energy storage will result from this.

SIM Card (Subscriber Identity Module) Card:
Mobile gadget with a programmable smart card that grants network access. It includes details of the specialized services the user has chosen to utilize as well as codes (such as the IMSI) to identify a subscriber to a digital mobile service. A SIM card can be installed inside the mobile device, or it can be a removable plastic card with memory and a processor chip inserted in it.

SIM Toolkit (SIM Application Toolkit):
ETSI standard that enables the preprogramming of additional data and functionality onto the SIM card to create a customized menu and user experience on the phone. This makes it easier for customers to access services offered by network operators and service providers, like financial institutions and entertainment companies.

SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data):
Parallel computer architecture is characterized by instructions that can immediately start a large number (of data operations on various data in parallel). In this group are vector processors.

SIMM (Single In-line Memory Module):
A compact printed circuit board that attaches to a computer’s socket and expands the system’s random-access memory (RAM).

Simplex:
Referring to the ability to send information exclusively in one direction. See the complete duplex and half duplex.

Simplex Circuit:
A circuit that only allows signals to travel in a certain direction. is also referred to as a single duplex.

Simulation:
The process of studying constraint effects using a computer or mathematical model of a physical system.

Simulation Routines:

Various procedures simulate potential future options for supply chain operations design utilizing historical data. These can then be prioritized or strategically focused for use in upcoming operations.

Single Sign-on (SSO):
With single sign-on (SSO), users can authenticate just once and then receive subsequent, automatic authentications while accessing numerous target systems. It simply acts as a user surrogate between client workstations and target systems, eliminating the need to separately authenticate and sign on to various applications and systems. Target applications and systems continue to keep their own credential stores and show client devices sign-on prompts. SSO reacts to the prompts in the background and converts the credentials to a single login/password combination. SSO is frequently used in federated, web, and corporate models.

Single-image Mode:
A method of operation where several central processing units (CPUs) physically located within a complex conceptually appear to be operating as a single system.

Single-instance ERP:
According to Gartner, postmodern ERP is a technology strategy that automates and links administrative and operational business capabilities (such as finance, HR, purchasing, manufacturing, and distribution) with the right levels of integration to strike a balance between the advantages of vendor-delivered integration and business flexibility and agility. Product-focused businesses, which often have the greatest ERP functional footprint, were the target audience when the original ERP systems were created. Manufacturing and distribution firms are frequent examples of product-centric businesses.

Single-mode Fiber:
A fiber that permits the propagation of a single light route and has a tiny core diameter

Single-pass Device:
A color page printer runs the paper through an image engine with four or more stations once. As the paper consecutively passes through each color station, a full-color image is created.

Sink:
The terminal connection on a communications channel receives overflow transmissions.

SITE (Strategy, Iteration, Testing, Enablement):
Departments of information systems (IS) have a history of developing applications using a design process that includes planning, prototyping, testing, and development, leading to justifiable design judgments. By establishing a structured framework in which both business unit (BU) management and IS workers see clearly defined duties, SITE, a Gartner concept, strives to build on this long-standing IS department practice. Staffing, success factors, ROI requirements, request for proposals (RFPs), interface design, and visual design are thus addressed in a setting where choices are not made at random. Following the SITE principles result in a project plan that is relevant to various audiences, whether the final implementation is done internally or externally.

Six Sigma:
A group of methods known as Six Sigma is used to create, enhance, and deliver high-quality business processes and results. The statistical term level 6 standard deviation (6 sigma deviation) from the process norm, which is typically interpreted to imply 3.4 failures per million opportunities, gave rise to the term. To reduce and regulate variability, as well as to eliminate flaws, standard process stages are adhered to. Common process steps are frequently DMADV while designing a new process (i.e., Define needs, Measure critical to quality items, Analyse processes, Design product or service, and Verify need alignment). Common process phases are frequently DMAIC for process improvement (i.e., Define opportunity, Measure performance, Analyze opportunity, Improve performance, and Control performance).

Skill Mining:
A knowledge management (KM) feature that uses historical behavior analysis to automatically identify the knowledge workers’ competencies. This behavior may be implicit (such as checking for repeating themes in the documents the employee has created) or explicit (such as the employee’s past willingness and aptitude to respond to a query). Users can find out who in their organization has the knowledge to deal with particular issues or difficulties by using skill mining.

Skills:
The observable manual talents needed to complete a job or task are known as skills. They specify “what” is done during a job.

Skinless Servers:
In order to optimize server density potential and use less material and electricity, skinless servers are designed with fewer racks, chassis, and, in some cases, even motherboard components. The term “skinless” refers to configurations that don’t cover individual servers with external sheet metal and make use of the rack frame’s common cooling and power supplies.

Skinput (Bioacoustic Sensing):
A new input method called Skinput, based on bioacoustic sensor technology enables the use of the skin as a finger input surface. A bioacoustic sensor device can record the acoustic waves produced when a finger taps against the skin. The software detects, analyzes, and categorizes the diverse acoustic locations of signals caused by variations in bone density, size, and the various filtering effects produced by soft tissues and joints. Different bodily parts can be connected to interactive capabilities.

SKU (Stock-Keeping Unit):
A special identifying code that identifies a product at the recognizable inventory level; in retail applications, the SKU might indicate the style, size, and color of the product. The serial number or unique identification level would be a more in-depth level.

SLED (Single Large Expensive Disk):
Standard disk drive. That is a traditional large-system disk system, which costs substantially more to produce and has, on average, approximately twice the diameter of a redundant array of independent disk (RAID) system.

SLM (Service-Level Management):
The continual process of employing service-level agreements (SLAs) to maintain high quality in service supply and to guarantee that performance and service-level objectives (SLOs) satisfy the shifting needs of the recipient’s business. Look up SLA and SLO.

SLM (Software License Management):
A system for methodically ensuring adherence to the terms of system vendor and independent software vendor (ISV) software licenses, 

SLO (Service-Level Objective):
SLOs are the goals that must be accomplished under service-level agreements (SLAs) for each service activity, function, and process to give service recipients the best chance of success (see SLA).

SMA (Service Management Agreement):
A device for controlling, tracking, and showcasing how much IT contributes to the business.

Small and Midsize Business (SMB):
A small and midsize business (SMB) is a business that, due to its size, has different IT requirements — and often faces different IT challenges — than do large enterprises and whose IT resources (usually budget and staff) are often highly constrained.

For the purposes of its research, Gartner defines SMBs by the number of employees and annual revenue they have. The attribute used most often is the number of employees; small businesses are usually defined as organizations with fewer than 100 employees; midsize enterprises are those organizations with 100 to 999 employees.

Annual revenue is the second most common factor used to describe the SMB market. Small businesses are typically defined as companies with annual revenues of less than $50 million, while midsize businesses are defined as companies with annual revenues of more than $50 million but less than $1 billion.

Smart Antenna:
These often referred to as adaptive antennas, combine an array of antennas with clever signal processing algorithms to track the location of a mobile client device by employing methods such as the direction of a signal’s arrival. Beam-forming vectors are then calculated using the position or angular direction to concentrate more of the antenna beam’s power on the mobile target. Cellular mobile phone systems and upcoming wireless broadband standards like 802.16e-2005 (WiMAX) and 802.11n both include smart antennas (MIMO). Also, see SDMA.

Smart Card:
A smart card is a plastic card with either only a memory chip or a microprocessor within. The information on the microprocessor card can be added, removed, or otherwise changed. A phone card with a memory chip can only add information. Smart cards eliminate the need for access to remote databases by keeping all necessary features and data on the card itself. The growing interest in smart cards cuts beyond geographic, industrial, and functional boundaries.

Smart Contract:
A smart contract is a type of blockchain record that contains externally written code and controls blockchain-based digital assets. When triggered by a specified blockchain write event, a smart contract immutably executes its code and may result in another blockchain event.

Smart contracts are neither smart nor contracts and can only read from, and write to, the blockchain. All off-chain interactions with smart contracts must be handled by agents that map between off-chain assets and on-chain digital assets.

 Smart Factory:
The application of various combinations of contemporary technology to develop a hyperflexible, self-adapting manufacturing capability is known as the “smart factory” concept. Through the efficient connection of various processes, information streams, and stakeholders (frontline employees, planners, etc.), smart factories offer the chance to develop new types of efficiency and flexibility. Initiatives related to the “smart factory” may alternatively be referred to as “digital factories” or “intelligent factories.”

Smart Grid:
The smart grid is a concept for the electricity distribution system of the future that increases network resilience and efficiency, gives consumers more control, and addresses issues with energy sustainability.

Utilities will need to increase the observability and controllability of their networks while converting them into geodesic structures that intersperse a variety of distributed energy resources in order to make the grid “smarter” and capable of addressing the need to decarbonize generation sources and enable end-user energy efficiency.

Smart Machines:
Smart machine technologies might offer unexpected results since they self-learn. They must: 

• Change their actions in response to experience (learning)
• Avoid relying solely on what others tell you (learn on their own)
• being able to produce unexpected results 

Smart Manufacturing:
In order to maximize present and future supply and demand requirements, smart manufacturing is the idea of synchronizing physical and digital activities within factories and across other supply chain roles. In order to give the crucial information required to influence decision quality, efficiency, cost, and agility, this is performed by reforming and improving how people, processes, and technology function.

Smart Pills:
In essence, smart pills are ingestible sensors that may record a variety of physiological measurements. They can also be used to measure the effects of the medication and to verify that a patient has taken it as directed.

Smart Terminal:
A display terminal with a full range of local editing features and the ability to operate in conversational or block mode.

Smartphone:
Smartphones are cell phones that predominantly use the Android and iOS operating systems, as well as any open operating system that allows programmers to create applications using native APIs and has a software development kit available to them. The quantity and caliber of smartphone applications set them apart from more conventional mobile phones.

SME (Small-to-Midsize Enterprise):
Small and midsize businesses are also referred to as SMEs (small to medium enterprises) (SMB).

SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die):
Abbreviation for “single minute exchange of die,” a lean strategy that reduces the setup or changeover time in a process so that it can be completed in under 10 minutes (the “single” part refers to single digits, not one minute, i.e., under 10).

SMFP (Smart MFP):
Paper documents can be printed, faxed, copied, and scanned with a standard MFP. An SMFP can also be customized by the user, the technology provider, or a third party. It interacts well with enterprise and office software, has a management-friendly design and user interface, performs well over networks, and is mostly based on open industry standards. Organizations can actively manage their fleet of office printers and MFPs by using SMFPs for usage tracking and other tasks.

SMP (Symmetric Multiprocessing):
A multiprocessor design where each processor is the same, memory is shared, and both user code and operating-system code are executed.

SMR (Specialized Mobile Radio):
A form of wireless communication that competes with traditional cellular services. The base station equipment provider is the licensee of the transmitters in an SMR system. Instead of the few channels of a private mobile radio network, users get access to the network’s many channels. All of the channels are shared by several individuals. First-come, first-served policy governs sharing. The push-to-talk button on the handset is pressed by consumers to start a call. A communication path is formed assuming that the portable unit (as well as the dispatcher or other portable unit) is tuned to an open channel. The call cannot be completed if channels that both the sender and the recipient can utilize are unavailable, and the operator must wait for another chance to try.

SMS (System-Managed Storage):
The phrase is used to conceptualize an architecture for secondary storage attachment, management, and reconfiguration. The separation of logical device management from physical device management is one of the fundamental design aims of SMS.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks are governed by a message protocol that controls the transmission of electronic mail. Email is moved between computers using it. It is a protocol used between servers. Only text is supported by SMTP; it cannot accept attachments. Instead of the positive announcements required by electronic data interchange, it supports negative delivery notifications (EDI).

Sniffer:
A tool for network administration that keeps track of data packets to assist administrators in maintaining message integrity and service level.

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol):
A protocol evolved from Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) that regulates network management and the observation of network devices. The Management Information Base (MIB) described in the SNMP standard is technically what is meant by “SNMP,” but extensions to this MIB proposed by the Electronic Messaging Association allow for the monitoring and reporting of all messaging components that conform using the same standard SNMP management tools for network components.

SNOMED (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine):
A nomenclature developed for use in pathology by the College of American Pathologists (CAP). Other areas of medicine have gradually been added to SNOMED. It has more than 150,000 products and offers coverage for a wide range of medical disciplines. SNOMED RT for reference terminology and SNOMED CT for combined terminology are both being developed by CAP.

SOA Governance Technologies:
A group of tools and technology known as SOA governance technologies are used to implement and uphold governance processes and policies. They comprise SOA quality assurance and validation systems, SOA registries and repositories, and SOA policy management tools.

SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol):
A protocol that Microsoft introduced in collaboration with a few minor companies. It generates a clear mapping between the definitions of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) and the Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) interface-defining language (IDL). As a collection of e-services, it offers the essential technology for transit in the next-generation Internet.

SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment and Plan):
A method that doctors use to determine and evaluate a patient’s health condition and the subsequent therapies or courses of care to enhance it.

SOC (Software Oversight Committee):
A healthcare organization is tasked with making sure that any software solutions used don’t put patients at risk. Representatives from many facets of the healthcare industry are present at SOCs. It has been proposed that SOCs be created in a manner similar to the institutional review boards of The Joint Commission (IRBs). IRBs are often made up of risk management attorneys, physicians, medical ethicists, and other interested parties from the healthcare delivery organization (CDO). The work is technically oriented; hence a SOC must represent information systems (IS). To examine all present and future medical software implementations, a SOC should convene regularly. It should also create and maybe enforce a policy intended to guarantee patient safety when it comes to medical software. One of the specific duties of the SOC is to verify that applications work consistently and as expected, for instance, by developing and executing trial scenarios that examine both clinical and system operations. A SOC should make sure that the rule base is kept up to date, that all decision support applications are implemented appropriately, and that they are based on accurate data. It should also look at how different packages work together, paying special attention to any combinations of operations that can possibly result in mistakes that endanger patients.

Social Analytics:
Monitoring, analyzing, measuring, and understanding social media interactions and relationships between individuals, groups, ideas, and information are all parts of social analytics. Both communities with an external focus, and workplace interactions take place. Sentiment analysis, natural language processing, social networking analysis (influencer identification, profiling, and scoring), and more sophisticated techniques like text analysis, predictive modeling, and recommendations, as well as automated subject/topic, person/content identification, and classification, are all examples of social analytics.

Social BPM:
Social BPM refers to processes created and improved through collaboration. To make use of the power of ongoing learning from “the collective,” these methods mimic how work is done from a “doer” viewpoint and experienced from a “receiver” one.

Social Computing:
A method of using information technology where users customize information-based and collaborative tools to facilitate interactions with relatively large and frequently ill-defined groups.

Social Content:
Unstructured data produced, reviewed, annotated, or transmitted through a social process or channel intended for human consumption is known as social content. The usage of enterprise-managed blogs and wikis, externally hosted platforms (such as Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and others) for document sharing and collaboration, and technologies to support project teams are all examples of social content scenarios.

Social CRM:
To encourage engagement in the business process, social CRM is a business strategy that comprises the expansion of marketing, sales, and customer support operations to incorporate the active participation of clients or visitors to an Internet channel (web or mobile).

Social Feedback:
The capability of social media users to express their thoughts about the value or applicability of the content. “Like” and “dislike,” “thumbs up” and “thumbs down,” “dig it,” “star ratings,” “social commentary,” “tagged” (or mass categorization), “flagging,” and “badging” are typical examples.

Social Gaming:
Social gaming is an online digital game that meets the following criteria: 1) Has at least one gameplay element that makes use of a player’s social network; 2) Facilitates and encourages social interaction and communication about the game outside the game, as opposed to just inside it; and 3) Can be played on PCs, gaming consoles, mobile devices, and other portable devices. Social games do not include digital games that provide an immersive gaming environment without connecting to social networks.

Social Media:
Social media is an online space where the material is produced, consumed, promoted, disseminated, found, or shared with a focus on social activities and communities rather than practical, task-oriented goals. In this context, “media” refers to an environment that emphasizes storage and transmission, while “social” refers to the distinctive ways these communications spread from one person to many or many people to one person.

Social Media Tools:
Tools that make social media easier. RSS, blogs, video logs, widgets, tags, forums, location-based services, Web chats, instant messaging, podcasts, and microblogging services are a few examples.

Social Network Analysis (SNA):
Tools for social network analysis (SNA) are used to examine the relationships between individuals inside groups. They help analyze the interrelationships and social structures of people or organizations and their working routines. SNA entails gathering data from various sources (including surveys, emails, blogs, and other electronic artifacts), analyzing the data to find relationships, and mining it for new information—like the caliber or effectiveness of a relationship. The SNA technique, known as organizational network analysis, looks at how data moves among people. It shows the unofficial social network, which is often made up of teams working for the same company. Value network analysis (VNA) looks at the deliverables traded between roles, which are usually teams of individuals from various organizations that must cooperate. Social media is scanned using social influence network analysis to find influential individuals, groups, or trends.

Social Networking:
The process of creating internet connections between numerous people to share information with the network or specific subsets. Social networking services allow for one-to-one relationships, although most activity involves a wider variety of users in any particular network.

Social Networking Sites:
Open membership is available on social networking sites like LinkedIn, Facebook, and MySpace, where people can gather to exchange information. They serve as an illustration of a decentralized network with emergent properties.

Social Profile:
A summary of a person’s key traits that can be used to meaningfully identify them on a particular social network or in collaboration software.

Social Profiles:
Social profiles are descriptions of a person’s social traits that help others identify them on social media platforms like Facebook and LinkedIn, as well as when they use tools like Digg and delicious and collaboration software like Jive, IBM Connections, or Socialtext. An individual’s interests, skills, professional affiliations, status, most recent activity, and geographic location are just a few traits that can be described in a profile. The place where people-related content will be tagged is in a person’s profile, which serves as their digital identity. An individual’s level of involvement and contribution in various initiatives, projects, communities, or dialogues; their reputation among other participants; and further details are displayed in a social profile to help comprehend the nature and depth of their relationships with others. One can be found by those who could gain from their affiliation by building a solid social media profile. Businesses are also starting to play with social profiles to enhance their brand identification. 

Social Publishing:
The ability of the general public to compile their independently generated content (instead of sharing development via a wiki) into a valuable repository and shared channel for social use and feedback.

Social Search:
Social search using implicit and explicit user behavior aspects improves search results inside and outside of businesses. A social search is a form of metadata mining because such components are frequently saved as metadata. Additionally, it makes it easier for users to distinguish between the results of their queries.

Social Software:
The technologies that promote, collect, and organize open and free-form interaction between employees, clients, and partners are referred to as social software by Gartner. It is a “socializing” technology—also known as Enterprise 2.0—that provides a bottom-up strategy for generating and utilizing collective knowledge.

Social Software Standards:
To promote interoperability, data/service access, and reuse between social software environments, industry associations have agreed on protocols and data formats, or they are implemented in practice by several products or services.

Social Systems:
The environment in which everyone works. Social systems are created from the people, organizations, relationships, tools, processes, and information that make up a group of people.

Social Tagging (Folksonomy):
Folksonomies, commonly referred to as “social tagging,” are user-defined metadata collections. A folksonomy develops when many people create or store content at specific sites and describe what they believe the content is about, even though users don’t intentionally build them, and there is rarely a predetermined goal. On a folksonomy site, “tag clouds” highlight different identifiers and their usage patterns. Although this kind of grassroots community classification is vulnerable to manipulation and vandalism (like other social networking strategies, such as blogs and wikis), it is an excellent illustration of collective intelligence. Taxonomies should not be confused with folksonomies. While taxonomies are classifications determined by more formal processes that only sometimes include user-generated tags and are rarely considered similar, folksonomies organize content through user tags.

Social Technologies:
Any technology that enables communications and promotes social engagement, such as the Internet or a mobile device. Examples include social software that is geared at and facilitates social interactions, such as wikis, blogs, and social networks, as well as communication tools, such as web conferencing.

Social Web:
The range of possibilities for users (the general public) to actively engage in open group activities online. The human social component of Web 2.0 is commonly referred to as the social web.

Social Casting:
Social casting offers compact, transportable tools to create pre-planned and spontaneous live broadcasts. Consumer webcam videocasts have given way to a distinct division between an increasing number of reputable news organizations and consumer webcasts on social media in this market, which started as consumer webcasts.

Sockets:
The interprocess communications model from Berkeley. A socket defines the endpoints of a two-way communications channel that joins two processes so they can communicate back and forth and exchange data.

Softswitch Architecture:
VoIP gateways, application servers, and softswitches/MGCs make up the Softswitch architecture. These are some of the names given to the vital network components of Softswitch architecture. The phrases “Softswitch” and “Softswitch architecture” refer to the distributed switching technology that combines a Softswitch, VoIP gateway, and application server.

Although they must adhere to the NG standards set by Cable Television Laboratories (CableLabs) for packetized voice-over-cable networks, softswitches for cable networks are primarily the same as those used by conventional telephone operators.

To support wireline or mobile trunking, traditional operators’ core networks and the networks of long-distance service providers primarily use Softswitch topologies. Many VoIP-based calling card services and Class 5 services are provided through voice-over-broadband networks built on Class 5 architecture. Due to the delayed rollout of third-generation (3G) infrastructure and the RAN’s highly optimized TDM architecture, the adoption of mobile softswitches in mobile networks is constrained.

With the changeover to SIP, the 3GPP and ETSI TISPAN standards are better suited to developing IMS-compliant applications thanks to Softswitch design.

Softswitches:
A Softswitch is connected to a server (such as a Sun Microsystems or Unix workstation, for example), which runs the application to deliver services without a physical switch. A media gateway, which is the component that physically connects to the PSTN, IP network, or ATM network, is also connected to a Softswitch.

A call agent, a call server, or an MGC are other names for a Softswitch. It is a piece of equipment that offers the standard call control capabilities or switching matrix of Class 4 and Class 5 switches. A Softswitch is also a mobile switching center in a mobile network (MSC). 

• Intelligence that manages connection services for a media gateway or native IP endpoint, at the very least.
• The choice of procedures that can be used during a call.
• Call routing inside the network based on signals and data from consumer databases.
• A call’s ability to be handed off to another network component.
• Support and interfaces for management tasks, including provisioning fault-tolerant billing.
• Support various protocols, such as subsets of MGCP, Media Gateway Control Protocol (Megaco), SIP, SS7, call processing language, H.323 and Q.931/Q.2931.
• DiffServ, the Resource Reservation Protocol (RRP), the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP), the Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP), MPLS, and IEEE 802.11p
• Adherence to or cooperation with a few subsets of standards from the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), 3GPP/3GPP2, Frame Relay Forum, ATM Forum, IEEE’s IMS Forum, and International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

Software as a Service (SaaS):
Software owned, supplied, and managed remotely by one or more providers is known as software as a service (SaaS). In a one-to-many approach, the supplier provides software consumed at any time by all contracted clients on a pay-per-use basis or as a subscription depending on use metrics.

Software Development:
Any major application development project will involve project management, specifications, design, programming, testing, installation, and training.

Software Maintenance:
Software updates, new features, bug fixes, and problem resolution. With their software, technology suppliers frequently sell maintenance contracts. This agreement is typically computed as an annual charge based on a portion of the overall cost of the software. It often offers general maintenance and support for software products, including apps. Consent may also include phone support hours.

Software Support Services:
Software support services are typically provided as technical support or break/fix services for specific software packages. These services include revenue from on-demand, incident-based support or long-term technical support contracts. Typical components of software support services include remote troubleshooting capabilities, installation assistance, and fundamental usability support. Remote troubleshooting skills may be offered over the phone and online communication channels and automatically using tools that run on the customer’s device or are online.

The installation of new software, software updates, migrations for significant software releases, various proactive or reactive on-site services, and support for custom applications or infrastructure software are all examples of software support services. A product vendor, a consultancy company, or a third-party software maintainer can provide assistance.

This category of software goods and technologies includes infrastructure software, application software, and commercial and customized operating systems. Updates and upgrades to software licensing codes, which manufacturers frequently classify as software maintenance, are not included in software support services.

The market segments covered in Gartner’s software market data precisely correspond to those covered in software support.

Software-defined Networks:
Software support services are typically provided as technical support or break/fix services for specific software packages. These services include revenue from on-demand, incident-based support or long-term technical support contracts. Typical components of software support services include remote troubleshooting capabilities, installation assistance, and fundamental usability support. Remote troubleshooting skills may be offered over the phone and online communication channels and automatically using tools that run on the customer’s device or are online.

The installation of new software, software updates, migrations for significant software releases, various proactive or reactive on-site services, and support for custom applications or infrastructure software are all examples of software support services. A product vendor, a consultancy company, or a third-party software maintainer can provide assistance.

This category of software goods and technologies includes infrastructure software, application software, and commercial and customized operating systems. Updates and upgrades to software licensing codes, which manufacturers frequently classify as software maintenance, are not included in software support services.

The market segments covered in Gartner’s software market data precisely correspond to those covered in software support.

Software-Defined Radio (SDR):
Significant portions of a wireless function can be controlled by software-defined radio (SDR) rather than conventional hardware control. Software control enables devices to switch between protocols and frequencies dynamically. SDR is most appealing when several standards are needed or when standards are in flux and unknown. An essential component of SDR, intelligent antennas are often built as an array of features with configurable field size, frequency, and waveform shape parameters.

Software-Defined WAN (SD-WAN):
Traditional WAN routers can be replaced with SD-WAN solutions independent of WAN transport protocols. Across numerous WAN connections, SD-WAN offers dynamic, policy-based application path selection and supports service chaining for extra services like WAN optimization and firewalls.

SOHO (Small Office/Home Office):
A sector of the market for office supplies or computer accessories (e.g., printers or copiers). The pricing and functionality of products geared toward the SOHO market are often cheaper than those made to support large corporate office environments.

Solid-state Appliances:
Instead of hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state appliances are solely based on semiconductor memory technology (usually NAND flash or DRAM) and come with fully integrated, higher-level optimization software. High availability (HA), improved capacity efficiency, automatic data management, and assured levels of performance (even when the solid-state drives [SSDs] are more than 80% complete) should all be made possible by the storage software management layer.

Solid-State Drives (SSDs):
SSDs are the primary storage component in PCs for mobile computing, and they solely function as storage network accelerators in data centers. SSD classifications are determined by end-consumption requirements rather than certain form factors or interfaces. Embedded solid-state storage installations that use detachable modules and nonvolatile memory caching techniques to supplement other storage devices are not included in this category. There are five subcategories of SSDs: industrial SSD, entry-level PC, mainstream PC, enterprise server, and enterprise storage.

Solution:
To support a group of business or technological capabilities that address one or more business challenges, a solution is integrating people, processes, information, and technologies into a specific system.

Solution Architecture:
An architectural description of a particular solution is called solution architecture (SA). SAS incorporates recommendations from the enterprise solution architecture and other enterprise architecture perspectives (business, information, and technical) (ESA).

Solution Portfolio:
To coordinate change across these solutions, a solution portfolio describes the relationships between implemented solutions of a specific type (such as apps or common infrastructure). The consistency, interoperability, and portability of the group’s answers are improved by using a portfolio approach to manage solutions collectively and interactions across portfolios.

SONET (Synchronous Optical Network):
Fiber-optic transmission systems can be connected via the SONET (Synchronous Optical Network) technology, which is available only in North America. Midway through the 1980s, Bellcore proposed SONET, which is now an ANSI standard. The seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model’s physical layer is where SONET sets interface standards. Data streams moving at various rates can be multiplexed thanks to the hierarchy of interface rates defined by the bar. The OC (Optical Carrier) levels established by SONET range from 51.8 Mbps (OC-1) to 9.95 Gbps (OC-192). Synchronous Digital Hierarchy is the International Telecommunication Union’s (ITU) standard for SONET on a global scale (SDH).

Source Encoding:
A compression method that considers the type of information being compressed. Lookup entropy encoding.

Source Routing:
A method used in local-area networks (LANs) where the frame’s source provides a routing information field that details the whole route to the destination.

Source Traffic Descriptor:
A set of settings is used while establishing a connection in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM).

SOW (Statement of Work):
The objectives portion of the statement of work allows the customer to emphasize the desired end state or performance metric that must be attained. Additionally, each work order’s cost, technical approach, and prior performance must be evaluated. The customer decides the relative weighting of each criterion.

SP (Service Pack):
A minor revision to a software product that contains feature updates or bug fixes but not enough new code to warrant a unique version number.

Space Segment:
A specific satellite communications system or network’s in-orbit satellite component. Also, see the ground segment.

Spaghetti Chart:
A visual representation of how people, materials, or processes move to spot waste movement or transit and eliminate it.

Spam:
Numerous newsgroups were inundated indiscriminately by Usenet messages. Junk mail is also referred to in this way.

Spamdexing:
Using a large number of words or phrases hidden within a Web page to maximize the number of hits the page receives from Internet searches.

SPC (Statistical Process Control):
Use statistical methods to assess process outputs and offer feedback for process control loops to maintain or improve process capabilities.

Spectrum:
A broad, continuous band of frequencies throughout which waves share specific, distinctive properties.

Spectrum Harmonization:
A worldwide initiative led by the ITU to persuade governments and regulators to distribute RF spectrum uniformly across national borders, enabling international roaming, interoperability, and international markets for telecom equipment. The World Radiocommunication Conference, which the ITU hosts every four years, is where global and regional spectrum assignments are negotiated and approved. The 1.9GHz to 2.1GHz spectrum, which has been assigned to UMTS practically everywhere, is a recent example. The WiMAX Forum is making similar initiatives to assist the global allocation of 3.5GHz and 2.5GHz for wireless broadband.

Speech Circuit:
A circuit intended for analog or encoded speech transmission can also be used for data transfer or telegraphy.

Speech Recognition:
Speech recognition software analyzes spoken words and converts them into text or actions. Self-service and call routing for contact center applications, speech-to-text conversion for desktop text entry, form filling, voice mail transcription, user interface management, and content navigation for mobile devices, PCs, and in-car systems are the main uses. Although commercially available, controlling toys and consumer goods (like TVs) are only sometimes employed.

SPF (Shortest Path First):
A link-state protocol that seeks out the best path between two sites using a set of user-defined criteria.

Spider:
A piece of software, usually called a web crawler, is created to follow hyperlinks all the way through and report on visited Internet addresses. 

Spoofing:

1. The act of a router keeping messages from a host alive rather than sending them to a remote client to avoid incurring call charges. Primarily utilized in Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN).
2. A packet that makes a fraudulent claim to have come from an address other than the one it did. 

SPP (Service Parts Planning):
The aftermarket’s best inventory levels and locations for components used to repair internal assets or client equipment are supported by service parts planning (SPP). Applications for SPP address procedures like:

• Forecasting and demand planning
• Inventory planning and optimization
• Distribution/allocation and supply planning 
• Collaboration
• Workforce planning
• Analytics and BAM (including visibility and event management) 
• Pricing optimization

Spread Spectrum:
Radio technology allows multiple radio communication links to use the same frequency band without mutual interference.

SQL (Structured Query Language):
A relational data language that offers a consistent, English keyword-oriented set of queries, data definition, data manipulation, and data control facilities. It is a software interface for relational database management systems (RDBMSs). IBM introduced SQL as the primary external interface to System R, its experimental RDBMS developed in the 1970s. SQL statements include the following:

• Data manipulation language statements: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE
• Statements controlling data consistency and granting and rescinding authority

SQL statements are referred to as “dynamic” when they are not fully specified until the program is run. When they are entirely set when the program is compiled, they are referred to as “static.” SQL is precise because it is based on predicate logic. Still, it is difficult for average users to understand, and it is most useful as a protocol for software-to-software connectivity rather than human-to-software access.

SRA:
SRA is a Subsidy, Reimbursement, or Allowance frequently used to offset an employee’s cost of using personal technologies in the workplace, such as for Bring Your Device (BYOD) programs. The term refers to all employer contributions to the program, regardless of the method used. SRA methods may have tax and processing cost implications.

SSM (System and Server Evaluation Model):
A Gartner model focuses on the six major categories of server platform differentiation: performance and scalability, high availability, software vendor enthusiasm, platform architectural longevity, systems, network management software, and maintenance.

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer):
Netscape Communications’ Internet security standard is used in its browser and server software.

SSN (Switched Service Network):
A telephone network comprised of terminals, transmission links, and at least one exchange through which any user at any time can communicate with any other user.

SSP (Service Switching Point):
A telecommunications switch in an intelligent network that handles a call using supplementary routing and database information from a service control point (SCP).

SSP (Storage Service Provider):
A business that provides computer storage and management services. SSPs typically provide periodic backup and archiving in addition to hold, and some offer to consolidate data from multiple enterprise locations so that all areas can effectively share the data.

SSPC (Structure, Scripting, Populating, and Channel Outputs):
A framework for document creation that requires four core mechanisms for defining document structure, scripting, populating (filling), and output channels.

1. Structure definition includes tools for defining components (e.g., title, author, introduction, conclusion) and their order (e.g., “introductions” come before “conclusions”). Editing cannot be used to change or remove the defined sequence.
2. Scripting is procedural logic that defines how to derive (i.e., calculate) content and access or create queries that test and conditionally incorporate content from external sources (such as databases), other applications, and content repositories.
3. Populating runs scripts against the structural definition to generate a copy of the content model specified in the document definition. This is part of the execution of data and content retrieval, queries, and computations to generate a fleshed-out document (an “instance”) from the document skeleton defined by structural and scripting elements.
4. Content is controlled by output channels, which allow the same content to be formatted and composed for multiple media, such as print, web, or CD-ROM delivery. 

Stalking Horses:
Stalking horses are conceptual models used to test new ideas and stimulate discussion.

Standard:
A document that suggests a protocol, interface, wiring type, or other aspects of a system. It could even mean something as broad as a conceptual framework or model (e.g., a communications architecture). Internationally or nationally recognized standards bodies or vendors create de jure standards. De facto standards are vendor-developed protocols or architectures that are widely used.

Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC):
To grade and compare the performance of processors, the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC), a vendor consortium, chooses and standardizes benchmark programs provided by members or outsiders.

Standards:
User-accepted specifications or design trends that many companies have followed. The interoperability of hardware, software, and everything in between depends on standards. The fundamental components of a computer and accompanying infrastructure can cooperate thanks to industry standards. Hardware and software developers can create products that will function together thanks to standards, which give requirements. The following issues could arise as a result of standards deviation:

• A piece of software does not function with a specific operating system.
• A plug on a keyboard does not fit into the corresponding outlet on a computer.
• Because a specific Web page is not prepared following browser specifications, an Internet browser cannot read it.
• Privately developed software does not function online.

Static Application Security Testing (SAST):
A collection of tools known as static application security testing (SAST) is used to examine the source code, byte code, and binary files of applications to look for coding and design flaws that might indicate security vulnerabilities. In a non-running state, SAST solutions perform an “inside-out” analysis of the application.

Statistical Multiplexing:
In the time-division multiplexing technique known as statistical multiplexing, time slots are dynamically assigned based on demand (i.e., spaces are allocated to equipment with data to be transmitted).

Statistical Quality Control/Statistical Process Control:
A collection of methodologies and procedures based on statistical concepts controls the quality of outputs and operations.

STDM (Statistical Time-Division Multiplexing):
On a multiplexer, time is dynamically split among the active channels.

STEP (Specification, Tracking, Evaluation, Production):
The four stages are the foundation for crucial actions in effectively deploying cutting-edge technology. As follows:

1. Specification – aligns corporate strategy and technology focus. 
2. Tracking – evaluates individual technologies for maturity and business impact. 
3. Evaluation – includes prototyping and other in-depth evaluation activities further to gauge the readiness and relevance of the technology. 
4. Production – involves piloting the technology and, if successful, deploying it fully.

Stickiness:
The all-encompassing word is used to describe features of websites that draw and retain visitors. It is assumed that a sticky website provides more value than one that is not.

STM (Synchronous Transfer Mode):
A multiplexing approach that divides time into slots or buckets and assigns time units to circuits regardless of whether they have data to send. Check out asynchronous transfer mode.

Storage Appliance:
A particular class of computing device that maintains or distributes data to other network-connected computing devices Storage appliances, in contrast to server appliances, offer or manage data without regard to an application environment. Storage area network (SAN) and network-attached storage (NAS) devices fall under this computing equipment category. See NAS, SAN, a server appliance, and a computer appliance.

Storage Management Software:
All software products marketed as value-added options to run on a server, storage network device, or storage device to help manage the device or manage and safeguard the data are included in the market for storage management software. Sales of new licenses to update an existing license to a recent version, telephone support, and on-site remedial support are all part of the maintenance and support services revenue stream. Professional services are not included in revenue. Products must represent an income stream for the business that is tracked individually to be covered by this coverage; they cannot just be a component of a packaged good or service. This market includes hosted storage solutions like hosted backup and hosted email archiving. From the desktop to the mainframe, storage management software is available. It includes programs that support a diverse range of devices and those that concentrate on a single or a small number of devices. There are seven segments in the market for storage management software. The total of all the segments makes up storage management software, which is all the equipment required to control the capacity, speed, and availability of data stored on disks, tapes, and optical media, as well as any networking equipment the data may pass through.

Storage Resource Management (SRM):
The availability, capacity, and performance of the storage infrastructure, as well as device management, problem identification, configuration planning, and change management, are all provided by storage resource management (SRM) software. Inhomogeneous and heterogeneous systems, SRM software, provides data that may be utilized for IT consumption tracking and chargeback by identifying storage usage, availability, and performance by application, business unit, or user. Additionally offered to automate operational chores are features for workflow management and storage provisioning. Complete product suites and specialized solutions that handle a single issue, like storage area network (SAN) management or analytics, are delivered.

Storage Subsystem Hardware Services:
Storage subsystem services, as well as RAID-based storage system services, are included in this area.

• RAID-based storage system services — This category comprises network-attached storage, host-based internal RAID storage, external controller-based RAID storage, and all other RAID-based disk storage. A group of disk drives (at least two) with input/output activity controlled by external-based or host-based RAID technology are referred to as being in a RAID.
• Other storage subsystem services include upgrades and replacements for hard drives, optical libraries, and tape libraries. 

Storage Support Services:
Hard drive upgrades/replacements, optical libraries, tape libraries, and RAID-based storage system services are all included in this sector.

Store-and-Forward Voice:
A processor-controlled system called “store-and-forward voice” makes it possible to record, edit, send, save, and forward voice messages. Using any 12-button dial pad, users can access and control the system in response to voice commands from the system.

Strategic Information Office (SIO):
The SIO is a business-unit-neutral information office with the mandate to promote enterprise information management’s importance to all business units, foster enthusiasm for these initiatives, negotiate organizational and technological issues across the enterprise, and enforce standard implementation and observance at all levels of the enterprise. The SIO should include at least one representative from senior management and members with extensive expertise and experience in business and technology. The “office of the chief data officer (CDO)” is another name for the SIO.

Streaming:
A method that enables the continuous, one-way transmission of audio and video data via the Internet and, more recently, over a mobile network. Unlike music and video files that must first be downloaded (such as MP3 and MPEG), streaming media starts playing immediately after the request. A streaming server that transmits the encoded media over a network, a streaming encoder that turns the audio or video source into a data stream, and a client media player that works with the server to deliver uninterrupted material are all necessary for streaming. The client buffers a brief segment of audio or video before starting delivery to account for network latency and quality changes and then strives to maintain an advantage during playback. RealPlayer, QuickTime, and Windows Media are a few streaming software examples.

Structural Change:
Structural change is a broad transformation that modifies the movement of power, resources, knowledge, and responsibility inside and between organizations. Structural change impacts all players in one or more specific industries, either directly or indirectly.

Sub-11GHz Proprietary BWA:
The proprietary sub-11GHz broadband wireless access (BWA) systems are not IEEE 802.16 or WiMAX certified. They consist of innovations like IPWireless, Flarion, and iBurst. They are typically used to supply broadband data services or speedy Internet access to business and residential subscribers or to give service providers quick and easy access to corporate subscribers. These solutions make it possible for isolated rural locations to have affordable network connectivity. Exclusive BWA systems operating at sub-11GHz deliver more than 1 Mbps to each customer.

Sub-voice-grade Channel:
A channel that has a smaller bandwidth than voice-grade channels. These channels are often voice-grade line subchannels.

Subnet:
A component of a network that is identified by a subnet number and may be physically separate from another network portion but uses the same network address as the other network portion.

Subnet Mask:
The components of an IP address that are used for a subnetwork.

Subnet Number:
The area of an Internet address is used to identify a subnet. Although it is utilized for intranet routing, it is not for internet routing.

Super Wi-Fi:
A new prototype system called Super Wi-Fi uses the “white space” between licensed TV frequencies. Compared to conventional Wi-Fi radios that adhere to the IEEE 802.11 protocol, they can penetrate buildings more efficiently and cover greater distances. The unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz bands are where Wi-Fi operates.

Superserver:
The ability to run industry-standard network operating systems is combined with the input/output (I/O) capabilities of multiprocessor devices designed as network servers.

Supply Chain:
The supply chain is a collection of activities and procedures to streamline the movement of goods, services, and associated data from suppliers to consumers or other demand locations. It extends from consumers and the clients of those customers through several echelons of the supply chain. Within a business and its network of partners, it covers supply chain planning, sourcing and procurement, production, distribution, transportation, and services. Supply chain managers might change their roles and processes.

Supply Chain Architecture Life Cycle:
The practice of controlling the complete life cycle of each capacity in your supply chain is known as the Gartner Supply Chain Architecture Life Cycle (SCALe). The life cycle of each supply chain capacity involves the conception, design, and launch (physical, financial, and digital), use for delivering customers’ flawless orders, performance monitoring, refining, and, finally, the retirement of the associated processes, structures, and governance. It offers a guideline for the creation and implementation of a strategy. Get ready for supply chain management in the future.

Supply Chain Execution (SCE):
Supply chain execution (SCE) is concerned with execution-oriented applications such as warehouse management systems (WMSs), transportation management systems (TMSs), global trade management (GTM) systems, and other execution applications such as real-time decision support systems (for example, dynamic routing and dynamic sourcing systems) and supply chain visibility systems both within the enterprise and throughout the extended supply chain. Order management systems are sometimes included in SCE, but Gartner does not include order management in its definition of SCE. Modules and applications that are commonly used include:

• WMSs:
  • Labor management systems
  • Yard and dock management
  • Returns administration
  • Inventory management
• TMSs:
  • Software that manages domestic transportation.
  • Global multimodal transportation administration (managing transportation around multimodal processes)
• GTM systems:
  • Trade conformity
  • International logistics/global logistics
  • Global order administration
  • Financial management of global trade

Supply Chain Management (SCM):
The procedures of generating and meeting demands for goods and services are referred to as supply chain management (SCM). It includes a group of trading partners who 

Supply Chain Planning (SCP):
Supply chain planning (SCP) is a proactive process that involves organizing resources to balance supply and demand while optimizing the flow of goods, services, and information from supplier to customer. An SCP suite sits on top of a transactional system to enable planning, capability for what-if scenario analysis, and real-time commitments to demand while considering limitations. Standard modules consist of the following:

• able to deliver on promises
• Integrated business planning and sales and operations planning
• Coordinated planning (including forecasting and replenishment)
• Direct point of sale and inventory maintained by the vendor
• Event preparation (promotion, life cycle)
• Demand forecasting
• inventory management
• scheduling and production planning
• distribution strategy (unconstrained, distribution requirements planning [DRP] and deployment)
• design of a strategic network
• Inventory strategy improvement (simultaneous, multitiered)
• planning the supply (optimized, DRP, and deployment)
• Planning for production/multiplant capacity (master production scheduling, rough-cut capacity planning)

Supply Chain Segmentation:
The creation and management of clearly differentiated end-to-end value chains (from customers to suppliers) optimized by a mix of unique customer value, product characteristics, manufacturing and supply capabilities, and business value considerations. The dynamic synchronization of customer channel demands and supply response capabilities optimized for net profitability across each segment is the essence of supply chain segmentation. Get ready for supply chain management in the future.

Surface Computers:
Surface computers are large-screen monitors that enable touch or gesture-based direct interaction. They could be vertical or horizontal (made into a piece of furniture like a tabletop) (wall-mounted, or free-standing). While they frequently recognize several users and enable collaborative use, they incorporate the aspects of multitouch interactions in mobile devices—the capacity to stretch over the surface limits size physically. Larger displays typically allow for a gestural interface where the user can interact without touching the screen.

Sustainability Management:
A management field called sustainability management encompasses organizational strategies, operational skills, competencies, behaviors, and cultures. It focuses on the firm, the supply chain, and the products and services it offers. It aims to achieve the best possible organizational performance and outcomes regarding economic, environmental, and social standards over time.

SVG Interface (Scalable Vector Graphics Interface):
XML-based image software and language that major electronic publishing suppliers support. The SVG interface is a solution for sharing several complex, Web-based images. Compared to bitmapped pictures, vector graphics are more compact and may be modified by client devices to best suit display characteristics.

SVGA (Super Video Graphics Array):
A display standard developed by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) that offers a more excellent resolution than the 640 by 480 Video Graphics Array (VGA) standard. Depending on the computer system and the amount of memory available, it can support up to 16 million colors. 

SWAP (Simple Workflow Access Protocol):
An Internet-based protocol was created to interact with or access a general workflow service or process using the Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP). The Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC) has supported SWAP, which will provide a set of uniform specifications for the kind and structure of messages transmitted between cooperating workflow systems. SWAP enables one workflow system to launch, oversee, communicate with, and manage workflow instances on another workflow system. It will also give workflow systems a means to connect to other web-based services.

SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication):
The banking and financial sector uses the self-descriptive messaging format SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) to allow electronic funds transfers. The organization that created the format and offered messaging and transaction processing services to its member banks and other financial institutions, such as brokers, securities depositories, clearing houses, and stock exchanges, is called SWIFT.

Switch:
A switch is a tool used to switch from one electrical circuit to another or to make, break, or alter connections in an electrical circuit. The phrase is frequently used interchangeably with private branch exchange (PBX), and central office (CO) switches in the telecommunications sector.

Switch-based Storage Virtualization:
By separating the control path (slow path) from the data path, switch-based virtualization, an out-of-band method to storage virtualization, can solve the majority of performance and scalability problems associated with storage network block virtualization (fast path).

Switched Line:
A line on the public telephone network; is one of several lines that can be connected through a switching center.

Switched Network:
A multipoint communications network with the ability to swap circuits, such as the telephone network.

Switching:
The creation of a transmission line between a specific inlet and a specific output within a collection of such inlets and outlets.

Switching Center:
An area that terminates several circuits and can join circuits together or transfer traffic between circuits.

Switchover:
A change to an alternative component may be made when the equipment fails. Also known as failover

Symbian:
A mobile operating system that was based on the EPOC from Psion. Until 2009, a separate firm jointly held by Nokia, Ericsson, Sony Ericsson, Panasonic, Siemens, and Samsung created the Symbian operating system and licensed it to makers of mobile devices. Nokia acquired the remaining owners of Symbian in 2009 and turned it into an open-source foundation. Beginning in January 2010, the Symbian Foundation, which serves as the platform’s governing body, will operate Symbian as an open-source project.

Synchronization:
Similar timing between transmitting and receiving equipment establishment

Synchronized Bills Of Materials:
According to Gartner, a synchronized bill of materials (BOM) capability allows value chains—including OEMs, suppliers, and service providers—to synchronize various views of the products in various BOMs.

Synchronous:
The interval of time that exists between subsequent characters, bits, or occurrences. Asynchronous transmission, which requires a start and stop bits, is slower and less effective than synchronous transmission, which uses no redundant information to identify the beginning and end of characters. Timing is accomplished by sending sync characters before data; synchronization is typically accomplished in two- or three-character intervals.

Synchronous Communications:
Transmission of character groupings in a fast manner. A clock rate is used by the stream of bits being read and watched.

Synchronous Network:
A network where every communication channel is synced at the same time.

Synchronous Transmission:
Timing is accomplished by sending sync characters first, then the data. It is quicker and more effective since it does not rely on redundant information like the start and stop bits in asynchronous transmission to identify the beginning and end of characters.

SyncML (Synchronization Markup Language):
A project initially started to create a standard synchronization protocol that would work with any device over any network and among goods from different vendors. The protocol was designed to accommodate a variety of media formats and transports.

Syntax:
Message structure or grammar (e.g., field lengths and delineators, headers, footers, and optional fields).

Synthetic Data:
Synthetic data is created by applying a sampling technique to real-world data or by creating simulation scenarios in which models and processes interact to produce completely new data that is not derived directly from the real world.

System Integration:
Designing or implementing a unique architecture or application, integrating it with new or existing hardware, packaged and bespoke software, and managing communications as part of establishing a complex information system. Most businesses rely on an outside contractor for program management of the majority or all phases of system development. The risks associated with the project are typically also heavily assumed by this external vendor.

System Management:
Any of a variety of “housekeeping” tasks designed to protect, keep or fix a computer system’s functionality. Included are such commonplace but important procedures as virus scanning, file and disk integrity testing, backup and recovery, software distribution, and file and hardware diagnostics.

SaaS:
Software as a Service is a method of delivering software in which all related data is centrally hosted in the cloud. Users often utilize a thin client to access SaaS through a web browser.

Safe mode:
A way to start your Windows computer that can aid in problem diagnosis; just basic drivers and data are accessible.

SAN:
Access to consolidated, block-level storage is made possible by a specialized storage network called a storage area network (SAN). SANs are typically used to connect storage devices (such as disk arrays, tape libraries, and optical jukeboxes) to servers so that the operating system sees them as locally attached. A SAN normally has its network of storage units that are typically not reachable by regular devices through the regular network.

SATA:
Serial ATA, also known as Serial Advanced Technology Attachment A better, more effective interface that is used to connect ATA hard drives to a computer’s motherboard; Serial ATA is likely to replace the outmoded prior standard, Parallel ATA (PATA).

Satellite transmission:
A means of transmitting data in which the sender sends information upwards to an orbiting satellite, which then beams the information back down to the receiver.

Screen reader:
A piece of software that converts the text on a web page into audio output, commonly used by people with visual impairments.

Scroll bar:
The small rectangular bar on the far right of windows or dialog boxes in a graphical user interface system. You can go up and down through a document by clicking the up or down arrow; a movable square shows where you are on the page. In some apps, you can scroll from side to side using a bar that runs along the bottom of the display.

Search engine:
A program that does keyword searches on documents and provides a list of potential matches, most frequently used in connection with tools like Google that are used by web browsers to search the Internet for certain topics.

Secure Server:
A unique file server where access is permitted only after authentication (i.e., entering a valid login and password).

Security token:
A token is a small device that adds an extra layer of security to access a certain network service; the token itself may be on a smart card or implanted in another object—known as an authentication token as well.

Section 508:
After June 25, 2001, all electronic and information technology developed, purchased, or used by the federal government must be accessible to people with disabilities, according to a 1998 modification to the Workforce Rehabilitation Act of 1973. For further details, visit the Section 508 website.

Self-extracting file:
A specific compressed file may be opened by double-clicking on its name to start the decompression process; no further decompression software is needed. Examples include specific files with the “.exe” extension on IBM PC or compatibles and all files with the “.sea” extension on Macintosh computers.

Serial port:
An interface on a computer that supports transmission of a single bit at a time; can be used for connecting almost any type of external device, including a mouse, a modem, or a printer.

Server:
A computer that is in charge of answering requests made by client software or computers, such as an email client or web browser. Sometimes known as a “file server.”

Shareware:
Software protected by copyright is accessible for download and can be used for a brief time before requiring registration and a nominal charge. You will then be qualified to get support and updates from the author. Compare this to freeware, which is copyrighted but does not charge a price, or to software in the public domain, both of which are not.

Signature:
Personal information files can be automatically attached to outgoing emails; many network newsreaders also support this feature. Large signatures longer than five lines are typically discouraged.

 SIMM:
A single in-line memory module, a tiny circuit board that can accommodate a collection of memory chips, is used to boost the RAM on your computer by 1, 2, 4, or 16 MB.

SMTP:
A technique for managing outgoing electronic mail is called the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.

Software:
Any program that carries out a specified task. Word processing, spreadsheet calculations, or email are a few examples.

Spam:
Unsolicited bulk email (UBE), commonly known as junk email or spam email, is a form of spam that entails sending identical messages via email to several recipients. Email sent in mass and without the recipient’s consent is typically included in definitions of spam. From chat rooms, websites, customer lists, newsgroups, and viruses that capture users’ address books, spammers gather email addresses that they then sell to other spammers. Additionally, they employ a technique known as “email appending” or “epending,” in which they look for a target’s email address using known information about the target (such as a postal address). See “Anti-Spam” as well.

SSID:
A wireless network’s service set identifier is its name.

Streaming (streaming media):
It is a method of sending data over the Internet that allows a client browser or plug-in to begin displaying it before the whole file has been received; it is frequently used with sound and visual content. Example: Your computer can stream audio using the Flash Player plug-in from Adobe Systems; sound and video are viewed using RealPlayer.

Spyware:
Any software that uses a user’s Internet connection to collect user information, typically for advertising purposes secretly.

Subdirectory:
A group of related files on a hard drive; on IBM PCs or compatibles, a directory that lies below another directory. Subdirectories are referred to as folders on Macintosh computers.

SVGA:
Super VGA is a set of graphics specifications for a computer display that provides a higher resolution than VGA. 800 x 600 pixels, 1024 x 768 pixels, 1280 x 1024 pixels, and 1600 x 1200 pixels are some of the available levels. The number of colors that may be displayed simultaneously is determined by the quantity of video RAM installed in the computer, even though each supports a palette of 16 million colors.